Phospho-Tau (Ser356) cellular kit HTRF®

The Phospho-TAU (Ser356) assay measures TAU when phosphorylated at Ser356. Unlike Western Blot, the assay is entirely plate-based and does not require gels, electrophoresis, or transfer.

The Phospho-TAU (Ser356) assay uses 2 labeled antibodies: one with a donor fluorophore, and the other with an acceptor. The first antibody was selected for its specific binding to the phosphorylated motif on the protein, and the second for its ability to recognize the protein independent from its phosphorylation state. Protein phosphorylation enables an immune-complex formation involving both labeled antibodies and which brings the donor fluorophore into close proximity to the acceptor, thereby generating a FRET signal. Its intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of phosphorylated protein present in the sample, and provides a means of assessing the protein’s phosphorylation state under a no-wash assay format.

The 2 plate protocol involves culturing cells in a 96-well plate before lysis, then transferring lysates to a 384-well low volume detection plate before the addition of Phospho-TAU (Ser356) HTRF detection reagents.

This protocol enables the cells' viability and confluence to be monitored.

Detection of Phosphorylated TAU (Ser356) with HTRF reagents can be performed in a single plate used for culturing, stimulation, and lysis. No washing steps are required.

This HTS designed protocol enables miniaturization while maintaining robust HTRF quality.

Human SH-SY5Y cells were plated at 100,000 cells/well in a 96-well plate. After 24 h incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2, the cells were treated with increasing concentrations of GSK3α/β inhibitor BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime) for 1 h, followed by 2 h Okadaic acid (100nM) and 10 min Calyculin A (100nM) treatments. Then the medium was removed and 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer 1X were added. After 30min lysis at RT under gentle shaking, 16 µL of lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate and 4 µL of the HTRF phospho-Tau (Ser356) or total Tau detection reagents were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

BIO-induced GSK3α/β inhibition leads to a complete inhibition of Tau phosphorylation on Serine 356, whereas the Tau expression level remains stable under the same experimental conditions.

Mouse Neuro2a cells were plated at 100,000 cells/well in a 96-well plate. After 24 h incubation at 37 °C, 5% CO2, the cells were treated with increasing concentrations of GSK3α/β inhibitor BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime) for 1 h, followed by 2 h Okadaic acid (100nM) and 10 min Calyculin A (100nM) treatments. Then the medium was removed and 50 µL of supplemented lysis buffer 1X were added. After 30min lysis at RT under gentle shaking, 16 µL of lysate were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate and 4 µL of the HTRF phospho-Tau (Ser356) or total Tau detection reagents were added. The HTRF signal was recorded after an overnight incubation.

As in SH-SY5Y cells, BIO-mediated GSK3α/β inhibition leads to a complete inhibition of Tau phosphorylation on Serine 356. Note that the total Tau assay is human specific and does not cross react with mouse models.

Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were seeded in a T175 flask in complete culture medium and incubated for 2 days at 37°C, 5% CO2. Then the cells were treated with Okadaic acid (100 nM) for 2 h and Calyculin A (100 nM) for 10 min. Following these treatments, the cells were lysed with 3 mL of supplemented lysis buffer#1 for 30min at RT under gentle shaking. Soluble supernatants were collected after a 10 minute centrifugation.

Serial dilutions of the cell lysate were performed in the supplemented lysis buffer and 16 µL of each dilution were transferred into a 384-well low volume white microplate before the addition of 4 µL of the HTRF HTRF phospho-Tau (Ser356) detection reagents. Equal amounts of lysates were used for a side by side comparison between Western Blot and HTRF.

This result demonstrates that the phospho-Tau (Ser356) assay is 4-fold more sensitive than the Western Blot, at least under these experimental conditions.

Tau has a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. It becomes hyperphosphorylated and aggregates, forming filaments, which can further condense into neurofibrillary tangles. Tau aggregates may propagate pathology by spreading from cell to cell in a prion-like manner. Drugs modulating Tau hyperphosphorylation and reducing Tau aggregation are viable therapeutic approaches.

The physiological role of Tau protein is to promote the assembly and stability of microtubules. Six isoforms of Tau have been described, ranging from 352 to 441 residues coming from exons 2, 3, and 10, that are alternatively spliced. The longest isoform of Tau (Tau-441) contains 85 putative phosphorylation sites, half of which have been confirmed experimentally.